Variability and trend of the north west Australia rainfall: observations and coupled climate modeling

Since 1950, there has been an increase in rainfall over North West Australia (NWA), occurring mainly during the Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer season. A recent study using 20th century multi-member ensemble simulations in a global climate model forced with and without increasing anthropogenic aerosols suggests that the rainfall increase is attributable to increasing Northern Hemisphere aerosols. The present study investigates the dynamics of the observed trend toward increased rainfall and compares the observed trend with that generated in the model forced with increasing aerosols. We find that the observed positive trend in rainfall is projected onto two modes of variability. The first mode is associated with an anomalously low mean sea level pressure (MSLP) off NWA instigated by the enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) gradients towards the coast. The associated cyclonic flows bring high moisture air to northern Australia, leading to an increase in rainfall. The second mode is associated with an anomalously high MSLP over much of the Australian continent; the anticyclonic circulation pattern with northwesterly flows west of 130°E and generally opposite flows in northeastern Australia, determine that when rainfall is anomalously high, west of 130oE, rainfall is anomalously low east of this longitude. The sum of the upward trends in these two modes compares well to the observed increasing trend pattern. The modeled rainfall trend, however, is generated by a different process. The model suffers from an equatorial cold-tongue bias: the tongue of anomalies associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation extends too far west into the eastern Indian Ocean. Consequently, there is an unrealistic relationship in the SH summer between Australian rainfall and eastern Indian Ocean SST: the rise in SST is associated with an increasing rainfall over NWA. In the presence of increasing aerosols, a significant SST increase occurs in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. As a result, the modeled rainfall increase in the presence of aerosol forcing is accounted for by these unrealistic relationships. It is not clear whether, in a model without such defects, the observed trend can be generated by increasing aerosols. Thus, the impact of aerosols on Australian rainfall remains an open question

Strain analysis of multiferroic BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures by Raman scattering

We report a Raman scattering investigation of columnar BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) epitaxial thin film nanostructures, where BFO pillars are embedded in a CFO matrix. The feasibility of a strain analysis is illustrated through an investigation of two nanostructures with different BFO-CFO ratios. We show that the CFO matrix presents the same strain state in both nanostructures, while the strain state of the BFO pillars depends on the BFO/CFO ratio with an increasing tensile strain along the out-of-plane direction with decreasing BFO content. Our results demonstrate that Raman scattering allows monitoring strain states in complex 3D multiferroic pillar/matrix composites.Comment: revised version submitted to Appl. Phys. Let

RECOGNITION OF SPORTS EXERCISES USING INERTIAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

Supervised learning as a sub-discipline of machine learning enables the recognition of correlations between input variables (features) and associated outputs (classes) and the application of these to previously unknown data sets. In addition to typical areas of application such as speech and image recognition, fields of applications are also being developed in the sports and fitness sector. The purpose of this work was to implement a workflow for the automated recognition of sports exercises in the Matlab® programming environment and to carry out a comparison of different model structures. First, the acquisition of the sensor signals provided in the local network and their processing were implemented. The functionalities to be realised included the interpolation of lossy time series, the labelling of the activity intervals performed and, in part, the generation of sliding windows with statistical parameters. The preprocessed data were used for the training of classifiers and artificial neural networks (ANN). These were iteratively optimised in their corresponding hyper parameters for the data structure to be learned. The most reliable models were finally trained with an increased data set, validated and compared with regard to the achieved performance. In addition to the usual evaluation metrics such as F1 score and accuracy, the temporal behaviour of the assignments was also displayed graphically, which enabled statements to be made about potential causes for incorrect assignments. In this context, especially the transition areas between the classes were detected as erroneous assignments as well as exercises with insufficient or clearly deviating execution. The best overall accuracy achieved with ANN and the increased dataset was 93.7 %

Colorado Native Plant Society Newsletter, Vol. 4 No. 5, September-October 1980

https://epublications.regis.edu/aquilegia/1164/thumbnail.jp

Isolation and characterisation of Heterorhabditis spp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) from Hungary, Estonia and Denmark

Targeted surveys were conducted for the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis in areas of Denmark, Estonia and Hungary. Isolateswere identiŽ ed by IEF, PCR and cross-fertilitytests as belonging to three distinct taxonomic groups: H. bacteriophora, the north-west European (NWE) type of H. megidis and the Irish type of Heterorhabditis. The Irish and NWE types of Heterorhabditis were both present in Denmark (at six and four sites, respectively),while only the NWE type was recovered in Estonia. H. bacteriophora was the dominant heterorhabditididentiŽ ed in Hungary (ten sites), but the Irish typewas also detected at two sites. This is the Ž rst report of the Irish type of Heterorhabditis on continental Europe. Co-occurrence of two Heterorhabditis types at a single site was noted in Denmark (Irish and NWE) and in Hungary (Irish and H. bacteriophora). Heterorhabditiswas recovered at 38.5% of sites (n = 26) in Denmark (north coast of Sjælland), 27.3% of the coastal sites (n = 22) in Estonia, and 32.6% of sites (n = 46) in Hungary

Towards Closed World Reasoning in Dynamic Open Worlds (Extended Version)

The need for integration of ontologies with nonmonotonic rules has been gaining importance in a number of areas, such as the Semantic Web. A number of researchers addressed this problem by proposing a unified semantics for hybrid knowledge bases composed of both an ontology (expressed in a fragment of first-order logic) and nonmonotonic rules. These semantics have matured over the years, but only provide solutions for the static case when knowledge does not need to evolve. In this paper we take a first step towards addressing the dynamics of hybrid knowledge bases. We focus on knowledge updates and, considering the state of the art of belief update, ontology update and rule update, we show that current solutions are only partial and difficult to combine. Then we extend the existing work on ABox updates with rules, provide a semantics for such evolving hybrid knowledge bases and study its basic properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an update operator is proposed for hybrid knowledge bases.Comment: 40 pages; an extended version of the article published in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 10 (4-6): 547 - 564, July. Copyright 2010 Cambridge University Pres

The 1st Advanced Manufacturing Student Conference (AMSC21) Chemnitz, Germany 15–16 July 2021

The Advanced Manufacturing Student Conference (AMSC) represents an educational format designed to foster the acquisition and application of skills related to Research Methods in Engineering Sciences. Participating students are required to write and submit a conference paper and are given the opportunity to present their findings at the conference. The AMSC provides a tremendous opportunity for participants to practice critical skills associated with scientific publication. Conference Proceedings of the conference will benefit readers by providing updates on critical topics and recent progress in the advanced manufacturing engineering and technologies and, at the same time, will aid the transfer of valuable knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners. *** The first AMSC Conference Proceeding (AMSC21) addressed the following topics: Advances in “classical” Manufacturing Technologies, Technology and Application of Additive Manufacturing, Digitalization of Industrial Production (Industry 4.0), Advances in the field of Cyber-Physical Systems, Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies throughout the entire product Life Cycle, Human-machine-environment interaction and Management and life cycle assessment.:- Advances in “classical” Manufacturing Technologies - Technology and Application of Additive Manufacturing - Digitalization of Industrial Production (Industry 4.0) - Advances in the field of Cyber-Physical Systems - Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies throughout the entire product Life Cycle - Human-machine-environment interaction - Management and life cycle assessmen

Profiling Chemicals Based on Chronic Toxicity Results from the U.S. EPA ToxRef Database

Attribute filters allow enhancement and extraction of features without distorting their borders, and never introduce new image features. These are highly desirable properties in biomedical imaging, where accurate shape analysis is paramount. However, setting the attribute-threshold parameters has to date only been done manually. This paper explores simple, fast and automated methods of computing attribute threshold parameters based on image segmentation, thresholding and data clustering techniques. Though several techniques perform well on blood-vessel filtering, the choice of technique appears to depend on the imaging mode.